Comparative analysis of dental trauma in contact and non-contact sports: A systematic review.

Dental traumas in sports are common and have physical, social, psychological, and economic impacts. The aim of this study was to determine, through a systematic review, the prevalence of dental trauma in contact and non-contact sports. This review was submitted to PROSPERO (CRD42023421206). Included studies addressed the prevalence of dental trauma in young athletes and adults above 18 years, excluding reviews, editorials, symposiums, or those evaluating athletes under 18 years. A literature search was conducted using the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, LIVIVO, SPORTDiscus, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source (via EBSCO), and Lilacs and BBO, as well as gray literature. Bias risk was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist. Data were synthesized considering study characteristics, population, sport, and outcomes. R Statistics software was used for all meta-analyses. A total of 1707 articles were identified. After applying eligibility criteria, eight were selected. Three studies, not previously observed, were later added after reading four systematic reviews on a similar topic. Fourteen contact sports and five non-contact sports were analyzed. The prevalence of dental trauma was 11.38% in contact sports and 5.24% in non-contact sports. Regardless of the type of sport, athletes face risks of dental trauma, with contact sports showing higher prevalence. The use of mouthguards is essential across all contact and non-contact sports as a preventive measure.

Evaluation of the impact of orthodontists' smile with malocclusions on social media and professional credibility.

OBJECTIVES: This study assessed laypeople's perceptions of orthodontist credibility based on malocclusions and whether these views affect their choice to seek treatment. Eye-tracking technology and questionnaires were utilized. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-five lay raters, through eye tracking and a questionnaire, assessed 12 images of orthodontists with malocclusions. Malocclusions were categorized by the Index Of Treatment Need (IOTN) as grade 1 (near ideal), 3 (anterior crowding), and 5 (with diastemas). Fixation points were recorded, and credibility was gauged via questionnaires. A Mentimeter word cloud was generated. RESULTS: IOTN 1 orthodontists were viewed as more credible than IOTN 3 (p < 0.001) and 5 (p < 0.001). Raters were more willing to receive treatment from IOTN 1 orthodontists. The focus for IOTN 1 was between eyes and mouth, while IOTN 3 and 5 were on the mouth. "Crooked teeth" and "spacing" were predominant in word clouds for IOTN 3 and 5. CONCLUSION: Orthodontists with an IOTN grade 1 rating were perceived as more competent, reliable, and professional, thus making it more likely for laypeople to choose them as their preferred providers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The smiles of professionals play a significant role in laypeople's decision to choose them as their orthodontist, and strategic utilization of social media can effectively deliver health information to a larger audience in a faster and more direct manner.

Assessing the reliability of ChatGPT: a content analysis of self-generated and self-answered questions on clear aligners, TADs and digital imaging.

INTRODUCTION: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a tool that is already part of our reality, and this is an opportunity to understand how it can be useful in interacting with patients and providing valuable information about orthodontics. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing accurate and quality information to answer questions on Clear aligners, Temporary anchorage devices and Digital imaging in orthodontics. METHODS: forty-five questions and answers were generated by the ChatGPT 4.0, and analyzed separately by five orthodontists. The evaluators independently rated the quality of information provided on a Likert scale, in which higher scores indicated greater quality of information (1 = very poor; 2 = poor; 3 = acceptable; 4 = good; 5 = very good). The Kruskal-Wallis H test (p< 0.05) and post-hoc pairwise comparisons with the Bonferroni correction were performed. RESULTS: From the 225 evaluations of the five different evaluators, 11 (4.9%) were considered as very poor, 4 (1.8%) as poor, and 15 (6.7%) as acceptable. The majority were considered as good [34 (15,1%)] and very good [161 (71.6%)]. Regarding evaluators' scores, a slight agreement was perceived, with Fleiss's Kappa equal to 0.004. CONCLUSIONS: ChatGPT has proven effective in providing quality answers related to clear aligners, temporary anchorage devices, and digital imaging within the context of interest of orthodontics.

Orthodontics social media, perceptions of science- and non-science-based posts among orthodontists, dentists, students and laypeople.

Worldwide, social media is gaining popularity year after year. In Brazil, by 2027, there will be more than 188 million users of social media sites, against 165 million in 2022, therefore, the usage of general population and health care professionals, including orthodontists, is increasing. Differently from scientific journals that undergo a rigorous peer review process prior to publication, the same level of demand is not found on social media. Hence, this study aimed to assess whether orthodontists can recognize scientifically based and non-science-based posts and if their perceptions are different from general opinion (laypeople), dentistry students, and dentists (non-orthodontists). The posts were created using the search tool on Instagram with the hashtags #clearaligners #acceledent #selfligatingbraces and #propelorthodontics, four scientific based posts and four without or with low scientific evidence were selected and evaluated through a virtual questionnaire in the QUALTRICS platform by 385 people, (175 laypeople, 102 dentists, 58 dentistry students, and 50 orthodontists) using a visual analogue scale (VAS). In addition, four questions were asked. ANOVA (Adjusted Bonferroni correction) and Pearson's chi-squared, and Student T tests were applied to identify statistical differences. Significant difference was found only for posts with no scientific evidence between orthodontist's group when comparing with laypeople (p < 0.001) for the #selfligatingbraces, and the #propelorthodontics for the group orthodontists when compared with laypeople (p = 0.031) and dentists (p = 0.033). Instagram was the favorite social media where most of the participants spend more than 3 h. Of the participants, 97% used social media to keep informed and read the news. Almost half of the respondents search for orthodontics services on social media. Orthodontists were able to perceive differences in only two posts from the general perception (laypeople) regarding non- or low-scientific-evidence posts.

The Esthetics of the Nasolabial Fold and Age in the Elderly Via Eye-Tracking.

Background: Facial aging is associated with the loss of soft tissue fullness. Perioral signs of facial aging can add years to individuals' appearances and even affect their facial expressions in smiling and nonsmiling images. Aims: To evaluate the influence of the nasolabial fold on the visual perception of esthetics and age in the elderly, eye-tracking and a visual analog scale were used. Material and Methods: This study applied a cross-sectional study using 40 laypeople. Facial images of an elderly woman were modified to include facial expression lines such as nasolabial folds and marionette lines with no folds, intermediate, and accentuated depths folds. Eye tracking was implemented to measure the average number of fixations. Heat maps and dot maps were generated using eye-tracking software. A visual analog scale of attractiveness and age perception questionnaire were also incorporated into the study. Statistical analysis was performed using a significance of (P<0.05). Results: The majority of visual attention was paid to the eye and mouth areas. In the images with no folds, the right eye attracted a greater degree of fixation. In the images in which nasolabial folds were accentuated, the mouth area served as an area of high fixation. No statistical difference was observed between the groups in which smiling images were viewed. Nonsmiling images demonstrated significant differences between groups for variables including time until first fixation, complete fixation time, and number of fixations on the eyes and hemifaces. Old age and diminished attractiveness were associated with attenuated nasolabial folds, especially in nonsmiling images. Conclusion: The facial lines and expressions of elderly female individuals were assessed by laypeople using eye-tracking, showing that the deeper one's nasolabial folds, the more aged and less attractive one appears, especially in nonsmiling images. Smiling pictures were perceived to be more attractive and youthful; these perceptions should be considered in the search for improved esthetic results, whether in dental or facial esthetic treatments.

Psychometric Properties of Food Frequency Questionnaires Used in Dentistry: A Systematic Review.

The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the quality of the food frequency instruments/scales used in dentistry while considering their psychometric properties. The databases consulted were PubMed (August 7, 2020), Scopus (August 27, 2020), Web of Science (August 27, 2020), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source (via EBSCO) (August 28, 2020), LILACS and BBO (August 25, 2020), gray literature: Proquest (October 1, 2020), Capes Theses Bank (October 1, 2020), Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (October 1, 2020), Google Scholar (October 2, 2020), and proceedings of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) (October 10, 2020). All databases were updated on December 12, 2022. Articles were initially selected by reading the 6,421 titles and 13 abstracts selected, followed by reading the 8 articles included for full text reading to confirm the eligibility criteria, with the aid of Rayyan software. Databases of the construction and/or validation of instruments/scales for assessing food consumption for use in dentistry (in clinical contexts and/or epidemiological studies), with or without assessment of their psychometric properties, were included. Review studies, letters to editors, and research protocols were excluded. Risk of bias assessment was performed according to the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. The extracted data were author, country, instrument language, sample, assessment instrument, instrument structure, type of food, instruments compared with the clinical condition, adaptation of an existing instrument, and psychometric properties evaluated. The selection, risk of bias analysis, and data extraction processes were performed by two independent evaluators. Seven studies were identified. The instruments available in the literature were in English, Japanese, Creole, and Malay. Only one study performed translation and cross-cultural validation of an instrument, whereas the others were construction studies. One study did not assess psychometric properties. Regarding the quality assessment and general classification of the studies by the COSMIN checklist, all were considered "inadequate," with reliability (test-retest) being the most validated psychometric property; only one study carried out the validation of all psychometric properties measured in COSMIN. Regarding the quality of the instruments presented, all the studies were classified as "inadequate" in the general assessment. Advances are needed in the validation process.

Assessing the reliability of ChatGPT: a content analysis of self-generated and self-answered questions on clear aligners, TADs and digital imaging

ABSTRACT Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a tool that is already part of our reality, and this is an opportunity to understand how it can be useful in interacting with patients and providing valuable information about orthodontics. Objective: This study evaluated the accuracy of ChatGPT in providing accurate and quality information to answer questions on Clear aligners, Temporary anchorage devices and Digital imaging in orthodontics. Methods: forty-five questions and answers were generated by the ChatGPT 4.0, and analyzed separately by five orthodontists. The evaluators independently rated the quality of information provided on a Likert scale, in which higher scores indicated greater quality of information (1 = very poor; 2 = poor; 3 = acceptable; 4 = good; 5 = very good). The Kruskal-Wallis H test (p< 0.05) and post-hoc pairwise comparisons with the Bonferroni correction were performed. Results: From the 225 evaluations of the five different evaluators, 11 (4.9%) were considered as very poor, 4 (1.8%) as poor, and 15 (6.7%) as acceptable. The majority were considered as good [34 (15,1%)] and very good [161 (71.6%)]. Regarding evaluators' scores, a slight agreement was perceived, with Fleiss's Kappa equal to 0.004. Conclusions: ChatGPT has proven effective in providing quality answers related to clear aligners, temporary anchorage devices, and digital imaging within the context of interest of orthodontics.

RESUMO Introdução: A Inteligência Artificial (IA) é uma ferramenta que já faz parte de nossa realidade, e esta é uma oportunidade de entendermos como ela pode ser útil na interação com os pacientes e no fornecimento de informações valiosas sobre Ortodontia. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a precisão do ChatGPT em responder a perguntas sobre Alinhadores transparentes, Dispositivos de ancoragem temporária, e Imagens digitais em Ortodontia. Métodos: 45 perguntas e respostas foram geradas pelo ChatGPT 4.0 e analisadas separadamente por cinco ortodontistas que, de forma independente, avaliaram a qualidade das informações fornecidas, usando uma escala de Likert, na qual pontuações mais altas indicavam uma maior qualidade das informações (1 = muito ruim; 2 = ruim; 3 = aceitável; 4 = bom; 5 = muito bom). Aplicou-se o teste H de Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0,05) e comparações pareadas post-hoc com correção de Bonferroni. Resultados: Das 225 avaliações dos cinco avaliadores diferentes, 11 (4,9%) foram consideradas como muito ruins, 4 (1,8%) como ruins, e 15 (6,7%) como aceitáveis. A maioria foi considerada boa [34 (15,1%)] ou muito boa [161 (71,6%)]. Com relação às pontuações dos avaliadores, percebeu-se uma leve concordância, com o Kappa de Fleiss igual a 0,004. Conclusões: O ChatGPT mostrou eficácia em fornecer respostas de qualidade para questões relacionadas a Alinhadores transparentes, Dispositivos de ancoragem temporária e Imagens digitais.

Apicotomia ­ a última fronteira para o tracionamento do canino impactado anquilosado / Apicotomy ­ the last frontier for ankylosed impacted canine traction

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o caso clínico com uma má oclusão Classe I de Angle com ambos os caninos superiores impactados e a biomecânica ortodôntico-cirúrgica para o posicionamento na linha de oclusão. Paciente do sexo masculino, com 16,7 anos de idade. No exame facial apresentou perfil reto tendendo ao côncavo, nariz e pogônio proeminentes. No exame dentário, má oclusão Classe I, overjet normal, overbite exagerado e a retenção prolongada dos caninos superiores decíduos que, segundo radiografia panorâmica e tomografia, estavam altos e retidos por palatino. Tal quadro estava associado à dilaceração do ápice radicular de ambos os caninos. Durante o progresso do tratamento, observou-se a anquilose do canino esquerdo e preconizou-se a apicotomia, que respondeu à movimentação até a linha de oclusão. O tratamento foi finalizado com overbite adequado com estética e manutenção da harmonia facial. A apicotomia foi eficaz como a última alternativa para o nivelamento. Os resultados de estética, função, saúde e estabilidade após a apicotomia foram obtidos e estão mantidos no follow-up de 10 anos. (AU)

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe an Angle Class I malocclusion with both impacted maxillary canines and orthodontic-surgical biomechanics for positioning in the line of occlusion. Male patient, 16.7 years old. The facial examination showed a straight profile tending to concave, prominent nose, and pogonion. On dental examination, Class I malocclusion, normal overjet, exaggerated overbite, prolonged presence of deciduous canines. Panoramic radiography and tomography revealed a high and palatal position, associated with laceration of the root apex of both canines. During the treatment progress, left canine ankylosis was observed. After the apicotomy, the canine responded to the movement up to the occlusion line and the treatment ended with an appropriate overbite with aesthetics and the maintenance of facial harmony. Apicotomy was effective as an alternative. The results of aesthetics, function, health, and stability after failure of conventional ortho-surgical traction were obtained and are maintained in the 10-year follow-up.(AU)

O distalizador Carriere como coadjuvante no tratamento da má oclusão de Classe II, Divisão 1 / The Carriere distalizer as an adjunct in the treatment of Class II, Division 1 malocclusion

Resumo O objetivo deste relato de caso é descrever o tratamento ortodôntico realizado em uma paciente de 15 anos, sexo feminino, com má oclusão Classe II, Divisão 1, com aparelho Carriere Motion 3D (ACM), seguido de aparelhos fixos completos. O exame intraoral mostrou uma má oclusão de Classe II, Divisão 1, com overbite de 1 mm e overjet de 3,5 mm. O arco superior com morfologia triangular e o mandibular parabólico, além da ausência da coroa clínica do primeiro molar inferior direito. O tratamento iniciou com a utilização simultânea do ACM e de uma contenção Essix para ancoragem do arco mandibular. Nesse período, elásticos de Classe II foram empregados durante 5 meses, obtendo-se a relação molar e canino de Classe I. Posteriormente, bráquetes metálicos MBT .022" foram utilizados em ambas as arcadas. Os resultados demonstraram estabilidade ao longo de um período de dois anos de acompanhamento, com satisfação da paciente (AU)

Abstract The aim of this case report is to describe the orthodontic treatment performed on a 15-year-old female patient, with Class II, Division 1 malocclusion, using the Carriere Motion 3D appliance (ACM) followed by full fixed appliances. The intraoral examination showed a Class II, Division 1 malocclusion, with 1 mm overbite and 3.5 mm overjet. The maxillary arch had a triangular morphology and the mandibular arch was parabolic, in addition to the absence of the clinical crown of the right mandibular first molar. Treatment began with the simultaneous use of ACM and an Essix retainer for anchoring the mandibular arch. During this period, Class II elastics were applied for 5 months, achieving Class I molar and canine relation. Subsequently, MBT .022" metal brackets were used on both arches. The results demonstrated stability over a two-year follow-up period, with patient satisfaction (AU)

Visual perception of repaired cleft lip scarring face associated with different malocclusions via eye-tracking.

Background. This study aimed to evaluate the visual facial perception in response to scars associated with repaired cleft lip (CL) on a male adolescent patient, as assessed via eye-tracking. Methods. Index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) malocclusions, grades 1, 5, and 8 were added to the frontal view facial image of an adolescent male model showing asymmetries of the nose and upper lip after CL surgery using the software Photoshop CS5® software. The eye movements of 91 laypeople observers were tracked by an Eye Tribe infrared sensor connected to OGAMA© software. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to identify differences in total fixation time and time until the first fixation for the areas of interest. A visual analog scale (VAS) of attractiveness was also used in the study. Statistical analysis was performed adopting a significance level of P<0.05. Results. The area of interest (AOI) were found to be the mouth and teeth, which were more focused on gazed at than any other area, regardless of the grade of IOTN. For observers of different ages, there were significant differences in the time until the first fixation on the scar of the repaired CL region for IOTN grade 1 (P=0.007). Images showing IOTN grade 1 repaired CL regions received the highest VAS scores. The older the age, the greater the tendency to give a higher VAS score for the same malocclusion. Conclusion. The presence of a CL scar on the upper lip did not attract the eye of laypeople observers of different ages, regardless of the degree of malocclusion in the non-smile image. The age of the observers did influence the perception of attractiveness, with older observers giving higher scores than younger ones. As the severity of the malocclusion increased, they were found to be less attractive.

Distalization of maxillary molars with Invisalign aligners in nonextraction patients with Class II malocclusion.

INTRODUCTION: This retrospective study aimed to evaluate whether the treatment of Class II malocclusion with Invisalign aligners with sequential distalization of posterior teeth in adult patients would meet the criteria of American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) standards for the treatment and assess the predictive value of ClinCheck Pro software with the final results comparing the initial time, predictive planning using ClinCheck Pro software, and the final time without any require refinement. METHODS: The sample consisted of 32 adult patients with Class II malocclusion (n = 32 [7 men and 25 women]; mean age 35.47 ± 9.61 years). All of them used a set of Invisalign aligners; no refinement set was evaluated. The 7 measurements of the ABO Model Grading System, the millimeter measurements for the anteroposterior ratios of maxillary first molars and the overbite were used in the evaluations and were compared in phases initial time, predictive planning using ClinCheck Pro software, and the final time. For the intraexaminer reliability test, the intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to analyze the reliability of the measures. The Shapiro-Wilk normality test was used to examine whether the variables were normally distributed. The Wilcoxon nonparametric test for paired samples was applied for variables that did not show normal distribution. The parametric Student t test for paired samples was used for variables that presented normal distribution. The significance level adopted for this study was 0.05. RESULTS: In comparison between final ClinCheck and posttreatment results, the ABO index showed a statistically significant difference between the predictions and results for alignment and rotation, buccolingual inclination, overjet, occlusal contact, occlusal relationship, molar relationship, and overbite. The final score of the ABO scores did not meet the standards for Class II correction, contrary to what the ClinCheck Pro software predicted. CONCLUSIONS: The null hypothesis that distalization of the posterior teeth occurs in adult patients using Invisalign aligners was rejected. The treatment of Class II malocclusion with Invisalign aligners did not occur as estimated by the virtual planning prepared by ClinCheck according to the standards for evaluating occlusal results established by the ABO at the end of the use of a set of aligners with sequential distalization.

Social attractiveness perception of a cleft lip repair in an adolescent via eye-tracking.

PURPOSE: The present study was designed to investigate the perception of unilateral cleft lip (UCL) repair scar using an image of an adolescent and eye-tracking technology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Frontal and oblique views of an image of an adolescent with a unilateral upper lip scar result of a corrective surgery. Eighty-five laypeople respondents were divided into three groups: Group A (15-44 years of age); Group B (45-59 years of age); and Group C (≥ 60 years of age). Gaze tracking was carried out to assess the location on the image of greatest fixation, to create dot maps and to follow the trajectory of the gaze. Respondents also assessed six attention questionnaires. The answers and assessment of the VAS were compared. P-values <0.05 were considered significant in the analyses. RESULTS: The central focus of the visualization was concentrated on the upper lip and the region of the nostril, followed by the eyes. Time until 1st fixation upon right lip and mouth showed differences with regard to different images. Images of the model shown in various guises including smiling or not, in a frontal or oblique views showed significant differences in VAS scoring (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The presence of a scar from the UCL repair in an adolescent was noted in the foreground by laypeople. The scar was associated with a lower degree of attractiveness, happiness, and intelligence, as well as with shyness and sympathy, although a visible scar did not influence the perception of "good hygiene habits".